SUMMARY: Seismic reliability of steel structures isolated using the frictional pendulum system bearings and subjected to artificial earthquake ground motions is studied herein. The superstructure is idealised as a linear shear-type flexible building as well as the FPS devices are described by adopting a widespread model which considers the variation of the friction coefficient with the velocity. The uncertainty affecting both the seismic inputs, modelled as non stationary random processes within the power spectral density method, and the friction coefficient at large velocity is considered through appropriate probability density functions. Incremental dynamic analyses are developed in order to evaluate the fragility curves related to both superstructure and isolation level. Finally, considering the seismic hazard curve related to a site near Sant’Angelo dei Lombardi (Italy), the seismic reliability of the overall steel system is evaluated.
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APPRAISAL OF SEISMIC DESIGN CRITERIA FOR CONCENTRIC BRACING STEEL STRUCTURES ACCORDING TO ITALIAN AND EUROPEAN CODES
SUMMARY: The critical review of design methods provided by the Italian codes for constructions NTC2008, in agreement with the European seismic code (EC8), for steel Concentrically Braced Frames (CBF) with X and chevron (or inverted V) diagonals, has the aim at providing more efficient design criteria able to ensure adequate safety levels under seism. As reference case studies, common structural configurations of CBF are designed according to NTC2008, by both Linear Static and Dynamic analyses. The purpose is identifying the weaknesses in the design criteria, with particular reference to both the applicability of the proposed procedures and the actual possibility to size braces and connected structural members, like beams and columns. The critical issues in the design process are evidenced. A discussion on the obtained results has allowed to point out the pros and cons of the current design approach and to propose some enhanced design criteria.
PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS ON THE INFLUENCE OF THE LINK CONFIGURATION ON SEISMIC PERFORMANCES OF MRF-EBF DUAL SYSTEMS DESIGNED BY TPMC
SUMMARY: The work is devoted to the evaluation of the influence of link configuration on seismic performances of Moment Resisting Frames-Eccentrically Braced Frames dual systems (MRF-EBF dual systems) designed by means of Theory of Plastic Mechanism Control (TPMC). As it is known TPMC assures the development of a collapse mechanism of global type, therefore, the seismic performances evaluated by means of IDA analyses, are affected only by the structural scheme configuration. However, in this paper only a 5 bays structure with 4, 6 and 8 storeys are reported, so that, the work configures as a preliminary evaluation. Additional analyses on different structural schemes with different number of bays will be the natural development of the work herein presented.
THE NON-LINEAR RESPONSE OF STEEL-CONCRETE COMPOSITE JOINTS
SUMMARY: In this paper the experimental results of two beam-column composite connections (one welded and the other bolted) tested under cyclic loading are presented and discussed. The two full-scale specimens were designed as sub-assemblages of a frame to localize the damage at the end of the composite beam in respect of the capacity design, therefore the joint contributed to the deformability of the system essentially in the elastic field. The detail in the area around the column were realized according to the provisions of Eurocode 8 to assure the strength hierarchy by the local mechanisms of the concrete slab. The results highlight the main role of the composite beam in terms of ductility; the rotational capacity and an “equivalent” plastic hinge length are evaluated.
IMPORTANCE OF LINK MODELS IN THE ASSESSMENT OF THE SEISMIC RESPONSE OF MULTI-STOREY EBFS DESIGNED BY EC8
SUMMARY: The nonlinear seismic response of eccentrically braced frames is strongly correlated to the cyclic response of links, i.e. the dissipative members of this structural type. In this paper, a simple but refined link model recently proposed by the authors is used to assess the effectiveness of some common and simpler models in which the effect of the isotropic hardening is not taken into account explicitly. The comparison is carried out by comparing the dynamic response of 12 multi-storey eccentrically braced frames designed as per Eurocode 8. The structures are characterised by different number of storeys and link lengths. The investigation considers both global and local response parameters. The results show which model gives the best estimate of the ultimate response of the frames. It is also shown that the major differences between the responses predicted by the models are recorded for systems with long links.
PREFACE
Dear Readers,
this special issue comprises selected papers presented at the XXV edition of“Italian Steel Days” held in Salerno on October 1-2, 2015. This conference represents the place where Italian researchers present their results and development activities in the field of Steel Structures. Common papers’ emphasis is about the structural performance under seismic conditions. Due to the number of selected papers, in addition to the current issue, a second one is in preparation. The Guest Editors, Rosario Montuori and Francesco Fabbrocino, wishes to thank Dr. Gianmario Benzoni for this opportunity and for his assistance.
SIMPLIFIED NUMERICAL MODELING OF ELEVATED SILOS FOR NONLINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
Silos are industrial facilities used for storing a huge range of different materials. They should be designed to resist several loading conditions, and their seismic behaviour strongly depends on the geometrical and mechanical behaviour of their supporting frame, and the nonlinear behaviour of the content (e.g. friction, content-silo wall interaction). Nonlinear dynamic simulation of such systems can be very time-consuming, and most of the time unfeasible. This study compares a finite element model made of bricks elements and a simpler model with distributed masses on the silo walls. While simplified models were not suitable to simulate local behaviour of the silo wall, they reasonably predicted the global response of the elevated silo system. Yet, the accuracy strongly depended on the rigidity of the supporting structure, and this should be investigated carefully during the calibration phase.
FULL AND PERFORATED METAL PLATE SHEAR WALLS AS BRACING SYSTEMS FOR SEISMIC UPGRADING OF EXISTING RC BUILDINGS
Metal Plate Shear Walls (MPSWs) represent an effective, practical and economical system for the seismic protection of existing RC framed buildings. They consist of one or more metallic thin plates, bolted or welded to a stiff steel frame, which are installed in the bays of RC framed structures. A case study of an existing RC residential 5-storey building, designed between the ‘60s and ‘70s of the last century and retrofitted with MPSWs, has been examined in this paper. The retrofitting design of the existing structure has been carried out by using four different MPSWs, namely three common full panels made of steel, low yield steel and aluminium and one innovative perforated steel plates. Finally, the used retrofitting solutions have been compared each to other in terms of performance and economic parameters, allowing to select the best intervention.
FEM SIMULATIONS OF A NEW HYSTERETIC DAMPER: THE DISSIPATIVE COLUMN
A new replaceable hysteretic damper to better control seismic building damage, consisting of two adjacent steel vertical elements connected to each other with continuous X-shaped mild/low strength steel shear links, is investigated in this study. New Dampers, called Dissipative Columns (DC), provide additional stiffness and damping to a lateral system by using a basic and minimally invasive construction element: the column. The Dissipative Column has been conceived or as a device installed within a frame either external damper to provide macro-dissipation. In fact, considering different configurations, a parametric analysis, based on FEM simulations, is developed in order to evaluate the effect of the main geometrical and structural parameters as well as provide the design capacity curves of this new damper. In particular, non-linear pushover and cyclic analyses have been carried out in ABAQUS in order to characterize the local and global behaviour of the device also considering different steel grades.