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  • An elementary model of soil and rock avalanches, debris run-out and fast spreads triggered by earthquakes

    The model considered in this paper for analysis of fast and large ground movements is based on the equations of motion, mass and energy balances and on conventional ground parameters. The model capability is checked for the Pandemonium Creek rock avalanche in British Columbia, the Shum Wan Road debris run-out in Hong Kong and a coal mine waste fast spread at Aberfan in Wales. The analytical model can be used for first estimates of basic ground movement parameters such as the travel distance, peak velocity and acceleration. Despite its simplicity, the model still requires the use of some ground parameters and an assessment of the initial mass conditions a priori by the user.